[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":766},["ShallowReactive",2],{"{\"language\":\"zh\",\"resolve_relations\":\"reference.source\",\"version\":\"published\"}resources/blog/exploring-the-cognitive-gap":3},{"data":4,"headers":744},{"story":5,"cv":725,"rels":726,"links":743},{"name":6,"created_at":7,"published_at":8,"updated_at":9,"id":10,"uuid":11,"content":12,"slug":716,"full_slug":717,"sort_by_date":718,"position":719,"tag_list":720,"is_startpage":480,"parent_id":721,"meta_data":27,"group_id":722,"first_published_at":723,"release_id":27,"lang":572,"path":27,"alternates":724,"default_full_slug":27,"translated_slugs":27},"Exploring the Cognitive Gap and the Potential of XR 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技术所提供的潜力，并展示了Tech Soft 3D如何利用多年工程可视化经验创造独特的协作工作空间。",{"type":25,"attrs":50,"content":51},{"textAlign":27},[52],{"text":53,"type":31},"在Tech Soft 3D，我们相信通过结合人类和机器的力量，将数字技术融入物理世界，XR将显著提高工程创造价值的能力。",{"type":55,"attrs":56,"content":58},"heading",{"level":57,"textAlign":27},2,[59,61],{"text":60,"type":31},"一个不断提出更多需求的世界！",{"text":62,"type":31,"marks":63}," ",[64],{"type":65,"attrs":66},"anchor",{"id":67},"evolving",{"type":25,"attrs":69,"content":70},{"textAlign":27},[71],{"text":72,"type":31},"我们生活在一个变化速度前所未有的世界。技术发展迅速，技术采用率正在加快；受快速成熟的市场和全球人口增长的推动，世界对更多选择、更多个性化和更高性能的需求在不断增加。制造商则通过更多产品做出响应，以比以往更快的速度将其推向市场，并追求一切竞争优势的机会。",{"type":25,"attrs":74,"content":75},{"textAlign":27},[76],{"text":77,"type":31},"技术发展的步伐和采用可能会拉伸许多人的能力，但同时，它也为必要的业务转型提供了可能性，以便做出应对。",{"type":25,"attrs":79,"content":80},{"textAlign":27},[81],{"text":82,"type":31},"产品开发、验证和产业化已成为一个端到端的数字生命周期。在现代产品开发和制造的核心，数字主干现在将产品工程师与制造领域以及上游和下游的扩展企业连接起来。产品工程师和他们的制造同行正在收集数据，分析和从中学习，并为整个业务的持续改进创建闭环反馈。这个数字主干使得传统企业之外的协作和分配成为可能，进入全球价值体系。它为今天和未来的数字制造以及先进制造技术的采用提供了基础。",{"type":55,"attrs":84,"content":85},{"level":57,"textAlign":27},[86,88],{"text":87,"type":31},"数字生态系统",{"text":62,"type":31,"marks":89},[90],{"type":65,"attrs":91},{"id":92},"digitalecosystem",{"type":25,"attrs":94,"content":95},{"textAlign":27},[96],{"text":97,"type":31},"随着计算作为设计和制造工程的重要组成部分的演变，产品设计和开发的顺序和同时工程方法已被同步工程方法取代。通过采用同步工程，制造商可以避免昂贵的错误，提高成本效益和质量，并加速上市时间。然而，正如Porter和Heppelmann在2017年12月的《哈佛商业评论》中指出的那样，“我们所拥有的丰富数字数据与我们应用其的物理世界之间存在着根本性的断开”。作者继续指出，“我们现有的丰富数据虽然能为我们的决定和行动提供信息，但仍然被困在2D页面和屏幕上”。 ",{"type":25,"attrs":99,"content":100},{"textAlign":27},[101],{"text":102,"type":31},"弥合数字和物理世界之间的差距，为利用数字产品开发和数字制造的力量作为竞争优势提供了机会。这篇文章讨论了Tech Soft 3D是如何以独特的方式使这一机会变得可及的，展示了我们如何帮助启发性的制造商拥抱下一波协作浪潮，并介绍了处于这一沉浸式革命前沿的技术。",{"type":55,"attrs":104,"content":105},{"level":57,"textAlign":27},[106,108],{"text":107,"type":31},"缩小认识差距",{"text":62,"type":31,"marks":109},[110],{"type":65,"attrs":111},{"id":112},"cognitivegap",{"type":25,"attrs":114,"content":115},{"textAlign":27},[116],{"text":117,"type":31},"人类通过我们的五种感官来访问和处理信息：视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉。然而，处理这些信息的能力因感官而异，绝大多数（估计为80%到90%）的人类信息是通过视觉获取的。",{"type":25,"attrs":119,"content":120},{"textAlign":27},[121],{"text":122,"type":31},"我们处理和消耗信息的能力受我们心理容量需求的限制，这被称为“认知负荷”。认知负荷受到处理任何给定类型信息所需的心理努力的影响。例如，在阅读本文时，心理努力需要将字母转换为单词，这些单词必须进一步解释为意义。",{"type":25,"attrs":124,"content":125},{"textAlign":27},[126],{"text":127,"type":31},"更重要的是，在数字与物理世界之间的断开上下文中，认知负荷也显著取决于“认知距离”，即信息呈现形式与其应用的背景之间的差距。例如，当从安装在车辆中的卫星导航仪表盘获取导航信息时，驾驶员必须消化显示屏幕上的信息，将这些信息保留在工作记忆中，将指令转换为面前的物理世界，然后最终根据指令采取行动，而同时仍要保持对车辆的控制。结果的认知旅程创造了显著的认知负荷。这就是为什么我们现在看到平视显示器（HUD）用于在需要的地方覆盖相关数据和指导，通过在上下文中放置信息并将该信息通过投影超置于车辆的挡风玻璃上，这减少了认知距离，从而最小化了认知负荷。",{"type":25,"attrs":129,"content":130},{"textAlign":27},[131],{"text":132,"type":31},"心理学家更进一步研究这一概念，研究显示人类一次只能专注于一个“认知任务”。研究表明任务切换（也称多任务处理）“成本高昂”，需要更多时间来完成，当你在任务之间切换时会犯更多错误。如果任务复杂，则时间和错误惩罚，即“认知成本”，会增加。事实上，同样的研究得出结论，任务切换可能导致生产力损失高达40%。",{"type":25,"attrs":134,"content":135},{"textAlign":27},[136],{"text":137,"type":31},"因此，考虑今天的工程师的场景，他们被束缚在2D屏幕上观看缩小版本的3D模型，同时试图考虑在现实世界中全尺寸产品的变化影响。",{"type":25,"attrs":139,"content":140},{"textAlign":27},[141],{"text":142,"type":31},"考虑到制造商面临的越来越大的压力，必须做得更多，做得更快，做得更好，减少认知距离的优势和提高生产力的潜力是一个令人信服的理由，在工程环境中采取这一挑战。",{"type":55,"attrs":144,"content":145},{"level":57,"textAlign":27},[146,148],{"text":147,"type":31},"科技如何响应缩小“认知距离”？",{"text":62,"type":31,"marks":149},[150],{"type":65,"attrs":151},{"id":152},"technology",{"type":25,"attrs":154,"content":155},{"textAlign":27},[156,163],{"text":157,"type":31,"marks":158},"虚拟现实（VR）",[159],{"type":41,"attrs":160},{"href":161,"uuid":162,"anchor":27,"target":45,"linktype":46},"/enterprise/spinfire-xr/technologies/virtual-reality","4b7a794b-8e79-43c0-9e00-84424ec85101",{"text":164,"type":31}," 是一种在完全模拟环境中进行的交互式计算机生成体验，结合听觉和视觉反馈，但也可以包括其他类型的感官反馈，如触觉。计算机生成的三维图像或环境的模拟可以由使用特定电子设备的人以看似真实或物理的方式进行交互，如头戴式显示器或配有传感器的手套。从字面上看，VR可以使“体验”任何事物，任何地方，任何时间成为可能。它是最沉浸式的现实技术类型。",{"type":25,"attrs":166,"content":167},{"textAlign":27},[168],{"text":169,"type":31},"在工业背景下，商业VR已经发展约30年。由专业的小众软件公司开发，以服务大型产品开发和制造企业，沉浸式体验可通过复杂的CAVE环境创建，其中投影仪朝向房间大小立方体的三个到六个墙壁投射。这产生了全尺寸的渲染，给予用户被沉浸在3D世界中的感觉，可以通过3D眼镜和手控器或手套进行交互。然而，CAVEs非常昂贵，成本约为$1M+。",{"type":25,"attrs":171,"content":172},{"textAlign":27},[173],{"text":174,"type":31},"PowerWalls试图将所需投资降低到约$100k（如果寻求4K分辨率，可能更高）。像CAVE一样，PowerWall通过投影或最近通过矩阵显示创建显示。同样，如在CAVE中，使用3D眼镜创建三维幻觉。然而，尽管有分辨率，难免感觉是虽然全尺寸，但仍是一个2D屏幕的工作。",{"type":25,"attrs":176,"content":177},{"textAlign":27},[178],{"text":179,"type":31},"同样值得注意的是，仅仅以3D呈现数据不能使得其成为一个沉浸式系统。只有通过运动捕捉跟踪技术，系统才真正沉浸。标记由系统看到，屏幕上的图像被渲染为那个人的视点。这意味着，跟踪的用户是真正沉浸的。然而，它只能跟踪一个人。因此，对于其他观看者，除非站在被跟踪人后面，否则视图会略有偏移。所以，你的商业CAVE或Powerwall实际上只对一个人一时间真正沉浸；考虑到这个事实，这些看起来更贵！",{"type":25,"attrs":181,"content":182},{"textAlign":27},[183],{"text":184,"type":31},"CAVEs和PowerWalls形式的商业VR与产品生命周期管理（PLM）软件开发者密切相关，例如西门子、达索系统和PTC，对试图利用VR的产品开发公司提出了另一个高成本的进入点。同样，为这些商业VR系统准备数据是一个困难且耗时的过程，导致更大企业部署专用的数据准备团队以支持需求。",{"type":25,"attrs":186,"content":187},{"textAlign":27},[188],{"text":189,"type":31},"有趣的是，虚拟现实在消费世界中也有一条平行的发展路径；消费类VR已经发展了约20年。与商业VR不同，消费类VR背后的技术公司是全球科技巨头，如三星、HTC、谷歌和Oculus（Facebook）。目标是广泛的可用性和低成本。然而，最显著的是，与商业VR不同，尽管多个硬件巨头在这个领域扮演角色，消费类VR背后的软件来自游戏行业，它在游戏世界中由两个大玩家支配；Unity和Unreal。消费类VR是一种完全沉浸式的技术，用户通过消费级头戴显示器看到一个完全模拟的环境。好处是用户可以被“传送”到任何环境的全尺寸模拟，然后通过连接的手持设备与该环境进行交互。模拟还允许多个用户在模拟世界内进行交互。2018年的电影《头号玩家》中对此进行了极好的展示。 ",{"type":25,"attrs":191,"content":192},{"textAlign":27},[193],{"text":194,"type":31},"消费类VR进一步演变为两种相关技术，增强现实和混合现实。使用与消费类VR相同的图形引擎，但也包括其他开发方法，如苹果公司ARKit和谷歌ARCore，增强现实（AR）提供将数字数据覆盖并视图在现实世界图像上的能力，使用传统设备如智能手机和平板电脑。尽管今天主要由游戏应用支配，但AR在培训等应用中的接受度迅速增长，数字装配或服务指令可以通过将数字图像锚定在现实世界“定位器”上的方式呈现。许多培训解决方案开发人员正在帮助制造商利用这一机会。缺点可以是由于需要在工作时将屏幕放置在一侧，或在尝试使用显示图像时需持屏幕保持的一种认知距离。头戴设备，如VUZIX或谷歌眼镜，已经提供了一些免提选项来解决这个问题。尽管限制用户在一个相对“扁平”的观看体验（通过屏幕），但在观看数据时的上下文相关性方面是一个重大前进步伐。AR呈现显著增长，行业观察家预计它将最终胜过消费类VR。",{"type":25,"attrs":196,"content":197},{"textAlign":27},[198,205],{"text":199,"type":31,"marks":200},"混合现实（MR）",[201],{"type":41,"attrs":202},{"href":203,"uuid":204,"anchor":27,"target":45,"linktype":46},"/enterprise/spinfire-xr/technologies/mixed-reality","154cec67-0ef0-4f02-93d5-04190f27c6ba",{"text":206,"type":31}," 是这个领域的相对新手。直到最近MR领域一直由微软的HoloLens主导，但最近被Magic 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